--- title: 37号文备案 vs ODI备案:个人持股和公司出海怎么选 | 之恒商务 description: 区分37号文备案和ODI备案:境内个人海外持股、境内公司对外投资、海外架构、资金出境和银行KYC如何衔接。 image: https://asomerit.com/hubfs/how%20to%20set%20up%20a%20WFOE%20in%20China%202025.webp --- [![Asomerit Consulting](https://asomerit.com/hubfs/Asomerit%20Logo/Asomerit%20Consulting%20Logo.png)](https://asomerit.com/) China Services ### Setup - [WFOE Registration](https://asomerit.com/wfoe-registration) - [Registered Address](https://asomerit.com/wfoe-registration) - [Bank Account Opening](https://asomerit.com/china-bank-account-opening) ### Operate - [Bookkeeping & Tax](https://asomerit.com/bookkeeping) - [Annual Compliance](https://asomerit.com/bookkeeping) - [Hiring Support](https://asomerit.com/china-hiring-support) - [Payroll & Social Insurance](https://asomerit.com/china-hiring-support) - [Work Visa](https://asomerit.com/china-work-visa) - [Export Tax Rebate](https://asomerit.com/china-import-export-tax-rebate) ### Documents & Licences - [NCR Certificate](https://asomerit.com/china-no-criminal-record-certificate) - 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[Doing business in China](https://asomerit.com/blog/tag/doing-business-in-china) - [Incorporation](https://asomerit.com/blog/tag/incorporation) - 1 mins **37 号文备案和 ODI 备案经常被放在一起讨论,但它们解决的不是同一个问题。**简单说,37 号文备案主要看“境内居民个人是否通过境外公司持股或融资”,ODI 备案主要看“境内公司是否要对外投资”。如果路径判断错了,后续可能卡在银行开户、资金出境、融资交割、利润回流或注销变更环节。 ## 先看投资主体:个人还是境内公司 如果境内自然人通过香港、BVI、开曼或其他境外 SPV 持有权益,并且涉及返程投资、融资、股权激励或境外上市安排,通常要先判断是否触发 [37 号文备案](https://asomerit.com/cn/37haowen-beian)。如果出资主体是境内公司,并且要新设、并购或增资境外企业,则更接近 [ODI 备案](https://asomerit.com/cn/jingwai-touzi-beian) 的范围。 ## 37 号文更关注个人外汇登记 37 号文的重点不是“注册一家海外公司”,而是境内居民个人通过境外特殊目的公司持股时,是否完成外汇登记。常见场景包括红筹/VIE 架构、境外融资、员工持股平台、返程投资和境外公司后续股权变更。 准备材料时,银行和外汇口径通常会看个人身份、境外 SPV 文件、资金来源、股权链条、投资目的和境内权益关系。之恒商务服务会先把股权链和资金路径画清楚,再判断应走 37 号文、ODI,还是两者都要衔接。 ## ODI 更关注境内企业对外投资合规 ODI 备案通常涉及发改委、商务部门和银行资金出境材料。它适用于境内企业设立香港公司、新加坡公司、BVI/开曼控股层、东盟经营公司或境外并购主体。企业要说明投资目的、资金来源、境外公司用途、最终控制人和后续经营计划。 如果一个项目既有境内公司出资,又有境内个人通过 SPV 持股,就不能只看一个环节。应同时梳理 [海外架构搭建](https://asomerit.com/cn/haiwai-jiagou)、ODI、37 号文和银行 KYC 之间的顺序。 ## 常见误区 - **误区一:注册香港公司就等于完成合规。**公司注册只是载体,不替代 ODI 或 37 号文。 - **误区二:只有资金出境才需要判断。**融资、股权变更、返程投资和利润回流时,历史登记也会被追问。 - **误区三:先开户再补材料。**跨境账户审查会看股权链和资金来源,建议在 [跨境银行开户](https://asomerit.com/cn/kuajing-yinhang-kaihu) 前准备一致的说明。 ## 怎么判断下一步 如果你是境内个人持有境外 SPV,先看 37 号文。若是境内公司出资设立境外主体,先看 ODI。若你同时涉及个人持股、境内公司出资、香港或新加坡账户、BVI/开曼控股层,建议先做一版结构诊断。 [查看 37 号文备案服务](https://asomerit.com/cn/37haowen-beian) · [查看 ODI 备案服务](https://asomerit.com/cn/jingwai-touzi-beian) · [查看海外架构搭建](https://asomerit.com/cn/haiwai-jiagou) ![Tommy Zhang](https://asomerit.com/hubfs/%E6%9C%AA%E6%A0%87%E9%A2%98-1-2.jpg) ### Tommy Zhang Practical China business guidance from Asomerit’s bilingual corporate services team. 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